GHG

Sankey diagram

Renewable energy share

Renewable shares per final energies are calculated by analysing all energy flows going through different transformation processes (electricity and heat production processes, power-to-gas etc.) as described by the Sankey diagram. An algorithm goes upstream through this complex energy system, from a given final energy to all relevant primary energies, and determines their respective shares. For example, a renewable share of 50% for final electricity means that 50% of the electricity consumed has been produced by renewable means, either directly from renewable power technologies such as wind of PV, or indirectly - for example if gas cogeneration has been used with a share of renewables in the gas mix.

Energy carrier balance

Local production coverage ratios are simply defined as the ratio between the local production of a given energy carrier, and its local consumption (including final and non final uses). A ratio above 100% thus means that the country is more than self-sufficient (net exporter), while a ratio below 100% means that the country is a net importer.

The above chart describes the contribution of misc. technologies (and possibly imports) to the production of a given secondary energy carrier.

The above chart illustrates final and internal (non final) uses of a given secondary energy carrier. Losses are either included in each internal use, or separated (in both case, the total is the same):

• "Included losses": transformation & network losses are attributed to each internal use & final demand sectors
• "Separated losses": losses are grouped as a separate category

Energy consumption

EU indicators & objectives

In this section, indicators are calculated according to Eurostat methodology, and compared with official EU objectives (when available).

Caution: the perimeter for bunkers is different in this section than above graphs - international aviation is included, international maritime transport is excluded.

• Overall RES has not been adapted.
• The RES-E (share of renewables in power sector) has been adapted to follow Eurostat methodology and is calculated as gross renewable production / gross final consumption (including internal uses such as electrolysis and e-fuels). It may thus be above 100% (in case of high share of renewables, and exports). Renewable power imports are not included in the numerator.
• RES-T (share of renewable in transportation) only partially follows Eurostat methodology. Main differences: multipliers are approximated (3x for electricity use as a whole, 1.5x for biofuels), non compliant biofuels not excluded, international freight and kerosene not excluded, RES-E calculated from current year mix (not 2 years ago).
• RES-H&C (share of renewable in heating & cooling) follows Eurostat methodology: share of renewables in final energies excluding electricity and transportation uses.

This indicator is equivalent to Eurostat's "Final energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030)", it is equal to the final energy consumption calculated previously, without ambient heat, non-energy consumption, international maritime consumption and the energy sector (except blast furnaces).

This indicator is equivalent to Eurostat's "Primary energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030)", it is equal to the primary energy consumption calculated previously, without ambient heat and non-energy consumption.

SEPIA v1.8 @ 22/06/2023 14h22